The Secrets of the Extracellular Space in Cancer and Alzheimer Diseases

Abstract

From the 19th century until today, the brain researchers have been focusing their attention on the cells of the brain only and showing no interest to the extracellular space. The advanced electron microscopy finally threw some light on it. It is known now that the cells are separated by fluid-filled extracellular space – predominantly water solution of sodium chloride (Na+ and Cl-) with small concentrations of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), amino acids, and peptides. Without the presence of these ions in the extracellular space the transfer of electrical signals between neurons and metabolic substances wouldn’t be possible and drugs wouldn’t reach their target.